Izinto ezimbiwe ngumgubhi ikakhulukazi inhlabathi, amalahle, udaka, inhlabathi kanye nedwala ngemva kokuxegiswa. Uma sibheka ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini yokwakha eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuthuthukiswa kwemigubhi kushesha kakhulu, futhi imigubhi iye yaba ngomunye wemishini yokwakha ebaluleke kakhulu ekwakheni ubunjiniyela.
Isizukulwane sokuqala sabavukuzi: ukuvela kwama-motor kagesi kanye nezinjini zokushisa zangaphakathi kwenza abavukuzi babe namadivayisi kagesi athuthukile futhi afanele, ngakho-ke imikhiqizo eyahlukahlukene yabavukuzi yazalwa ngokulandelana. Ngo-1899, kwavela umvukuzi wokuqala kagesi. Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, izinjini zikadizili nazo zasetshenziswa kubavukuzi. Lo mvukuzi wemishini oqhutshwa yinjini kadizili (noma injini kagesi) wawuyisizukulwane sokuqala sabavukuzi.
Isizukulwane sesibili sabavubukuli: Ngokusetshenziswa kabanzi kobuchwepheshe be-hydraulic, umvubukuli unedivayisi yokudlulisa engokwesayensi nesebenzayo. Ukudluliselwa kwe-hydraulic esikhundleni sokudluliselwa kwemishini kuyisinyathelo esikhulu kubuchwepheshe bokuvubukula. Umvubukuli wokuqala we-hydraulic eJalimane wazalwa ngo-1950. Umvubukuli wokudlulisa we-hydraulic wemishini uyisizukulwane sesibili sabavubukuli.
Isizukulwane sesithathu sabavubukuli: Ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kobuchwepheshe be-elekthronikhi, ikakhulukazi ubuchwepheshe bekhompyutha, kwenza umvubukuli abe nohlelo lokulawula oluzenzakalelayo, futhi kwenza umvubukuli athuthuke ngendlela yokusebenza okuphezulu, ukuzenzekela kanye nobuhlakani. Ukuhluma kwe-mechatronics kwenzeka cishe ngo-1965, kanti ukwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe be-mechatronics kuma-hydraulic excavator akhiqizwa ngobuningi kwaba cishe ngo-1985, lapho inhloso eyinhloko kwakuwukonga amandla. Ama-electronics e-excavator ayimpawu yesizukulwane sesithathu sabavubukuli.
Izingxenye zomgubhi zakhiwe kakhulu izingxenye ezimbili: izingxenye zomshini kanye nezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi.
1. Izingxenye zemishini ziyizingxenye zemishini kuphela ezihlinzeka ngokusekelwa kwamandla, ikakhulukazi okuhlanganisa amaphampu e-hydraulic, amabhakede okudonsa, ama-boom, amathrekhi, izinjini, njll.
2. Izesekeli ze-elekthronikhi ziyingxenye yokulawula ukushayela yomshini wokumba, ezisetshenziselwa ukushayela izingxenye zemishini ukuze zenze umsebenzi ofanele, ikakhulukazi okuhlanganisa inguqulo yekhompyutha, isilawuli sokugeleza kwe-hydraulic, inzwa ye-angle, imitha yedizili, i-fuse, iswishi yokushisa, ipompo yokufutha uwoyela, njll.
Izingxenye zomshini kanye nengxenye yokulawula idrayivu ziyahambisana. Ingxenye yokulawula kagesi isetshenziselwa ukushayela nokuxhumanisa umsebenzi ophumelelayo wengxenye ngayinye yomshini. Isimo sengxenye yomshini sidluliselwa engxenyeni yokulawula kagesi ngezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi, ukuze kuhlanganiswe umsebenzi womgubhi ngempumelelo ukuze kufinyelelwe ukusebenza kwawo okuphezulu kakhulu.
Idivayisi esebenzayo iyingxenye eyinhloko yomshini wokumba we-hydraulic. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ukumba inhlabathi engaphansi kobuso bokuma, kodwa ingamba nenhlabathi engaphansi kokuphakama okuphezulu kokusika. Ngaphezu kokumba, ukugoqa imisele kanye nokulayisha, ingenza nomsebenzi olula wokulinganisa indawo. Umsebenzi wokumba ufanelekela ukumba inhlabathi yezinga Ⅰ~Ⅳ, futhi indlela yesando se-hydraulic noma yokuqhumisa iyadingeka kuzinga Ⅴ elingenhla.
Idivayisi yokusebenza nge-backhoe yakhiwe nge-boom, stick, bucket, rocker, connecting rod, kanye namapayipi e-hydraulic edivayisi esebenzayo okuhlanganisa i-boom cylinder, stick cylinder kanye ne-bucket cylinder.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-11-2022